PUNCTUATION HMANNING

Punctuations

Punctuation hi an terual ngai; a hmesem cun sawmnga dengmang an si. Cu hna lakah Laica nih ai hrawm cem deuh vemi hna cu:

1. Full stop or period (.)
2. Comma (,)
3. Double and single inverted comma or quotation mark (“…” ‘…’)
4. Bracket a phunphun ( )
5. Question mark (?)
6. Colon (:)
7. Semicolon (;)
8. hyphen (-)
9. Apostrophe (‘)
10. Underline (_)
11. Exclamation mark (!) le
12. ellipsis (…) hna hi an si.

Atu lio Mirang ca ah hmanmi punctuations hna hi kumzabu 18-nak a donghlai hrawng lawngin chapchuan, remhsiam, le ciammam tein hman an si ti a si.

Punctuation Hmanning

1. Full stop le comma: Full stop cu biadonghnak ah le comma cu biadinhnak ah hman an si. Full stop le comma hnu ah hin spacebar vuikhat in nam hrimhrim ding. Full stop hi cafang ngan a tawinak in an tialmi ah cun U. N. O. or UNO tiah hman, or hman lo khawh a si. Full stop hnu ah biafang hme in tial thok phung a si lo. Comma hnu belte ah cafang hme lawng hman ding a si.

2. Double le single quotation mark hi hmanning an ikhat. A thoknak zong a donghnak zongah spacebar nam hrimhrim lo ding. Kehlei quotation mark changtu cafang poah a ngan in tial an si. (Awrhlei quotation mark hlan ah full stop chiah hi US style ti a si; a dongh hnu chiah cu UK style ti a si; mi tam deuh nih US style hman a si cang).

3. Bracket a phunphun hna hi a chungum biafang, biatluan hna he a thoknak zong, a donghnak zongah tonghter hrimhrim ding; spacebar nam lo ding. Mirang hmanning ah cun: “Ka dawt tuk mi Nu Hniang nih a ka thihtak,” timi biathluan ah hin “Nu Hniang (ka dawt tuk mi) nih a ka thihtak,” tiah hman a si.

4. Question mark hlan zong, hnu zongah full stop or comma chiah lo ding.

5. Colon : Laica ah colon kan hmanning a tam bik cu:
a. ……………
b. …………… tibantuk ah hin a si.
“cu:” canah hin “cu-“ tiah hyphen kon, dash kon hman khawh a si ve.

6. Semicolon: Laica ah semicolon cu “biapeh” (conjunction) aiawh ah hman bik a si. Semicolon changtu cafang cu proper noun a si lo ahcun a ngan (capital) a si lai lo; a hmemi a si lai. Hi ka capar chungah hin semicolon hmun tam nawnah (zohchun awkah) ka hman hna.

7. Hyphen le biafang karlakah spacebar nam hrimhrim lo ding. (Thum-komh-Pathian tbk in tial ding.)

8. Apostrophe hi Hakha ca le bia ah hin kan hmang tuk lo; Falam nih “Amai’h duhdawtnak” le “Cui’h ruangah,” ti bantukin biafang tawiternak ah an hman. (Hakha nih “cuca’h” ti a hmangmi kan um hnihkhat ve).

9. Underline cu heading hna, subtitle hna, asiloah biafang le biathluan biapitnak langhternak ah hman a si.

10. Exclamation mark cu Mirang he kan hmanning ai khat; launak zawn maw, lunglawmh tuknak maw, khuaruahhar tuknak maw, hmuhsaktu ah kan hman. Full stop hmanchih a hau lo.

11. Ellipsis zong hi Mirang nawl kan icawn thiamthiam; biafang or biathluan rinhnak, hrelhnak (omit) tuahnak ah hman a si. Deh thum lawngbak a si lai. Deh hnih maw, deh li maw a si lai lo. Spacebar nam loin cafang peh colh ding a si.

Punctuation kong pehparah theih a herhmi dang tete hun peh ko tuah lang.
Awtawi le awsau
Awtawi, awsau, awtung le awphei ti cu Mirang zong nih an ngeih ve. Hihi a thleidan kan thiam a herh ngaingai; kan thiam lo ahcun, kan bia a ngaitu caah bia dawhlo le bia ningzak zongah a cang kho; a sullam zong ai thleng kho i, kan Laica zong a hrawktu kan si kho.

A dikmi .................... A diklomi
1. Ka zaang a fak tuk. 1. Ka zang a fak tuk.
2. Bawi Jesuh/Zisuh 2. Boi Jeshu/Zisuh
3. Ka khualtlawn lai hi boi maw boi lo
ka si; kai fiang rih lo. 3. Bawi maw bawi lo ka si;…
4. Zaangfah kan nawl. 4. Zangfah kan nol.
5. Kai/kaa lawm tuk. 5. Kai/kaa lom tuk.
6. Nan naute cu a lom ngai e. 6. Nan naute cu a lawm ngai e.
7. Chokhleipar 7. Chawkhleipar
8. Laizaal cawk ka duh. 8. Laizal cok ka duh.
9. Hawikom 9. Hoikawm
10. Conglawmh le thangchiat cu… 10. Cawnglomh le thangchiat cu…
11. Ngahringdawinak taal ka saat lai. 11. Ngahringdoinak tal ka sat lai.
12. A sat na, a dil na 12. A saat na, a dil na

Fianternak: “Lawmh” ti hi a aw a tawi ko nain a root word cu “lawm” ti a si caah “aw” in tial ding ti a si. Cubantuk cun a aw a tawimi kan Lai biafang zeimawzat cu a root word “aw” a si ahcun “h” ai peh tikah “o” hman lo ding ti a si.

“Aw” biafang A dikmi ....... A diklomi
1. Hmunrawn ah ra u! A rawnhning cu! A ronhning cu!
2. Kai/kaa lawm Kai lawmh tukah ka tap. … lomh tukah ka tap.
3. Va chawn hen/hme. Ziah na chawnh lo? Ziah na chonh lo?
4. Ka tawng hlah. Ziah na ka tawngh? Ziah na ka tongh?
5. Vate an awn. An awnhning lung a leng. An onhning lung a leng.
6. Innka va awng/hawng. Ziah na awnh/hawnh lo? Zian na onh/honh lo?
7. Ka bawm tuah. Kan bawmh ko lai. Kan bomh ko lai.
8. Ka dawn hlah. Ziah na ka dawnh? Ziah na ka donh?
9. Na sei a lawng maw? Kan lawnhpiak lai mu. Kan lonhpiak lai mu.
10. Mawtaw ka mawng. Mawtaw mawngh ka thiam … mongh ka thiam.
11. Ka zawn ve tuah hen. Kan zawnh ahcun…. Kan zonh ahcun…

Thleidan awkah a har ngaimi cafang pathum: “h, k, t”

Vuikhat cu Hakha ah zarhpini chun ah tleicia pu Cpt. Hei Er cu kan innpa tualrawn ah amah lawng sau nawn a dir. “Ziah nangmah lawngpi cuka i dir ko cu?” tiah ka va ti i, “Bawi Cin nu ka hngah,” tiah a ka leh. Ka thawh i, “Hakha in mengkul lawng a hlatmi Sakta khua chuak nih ziah Hakha holh na thiam tung lo!” tiah ka ti. Cu kong kan i-al len lioah an nu sayamah Sui Thluai Ling cu mi inn in a hung chuak i, “Zei he nan unau nan i al len ko?” tiah a kan hal. Kan bia cu kan ruah i, “Um…, Vante a hman,” a rak ti. “Bawi Cin nu ka hngak,” ti selaw a hman hnga. Asiloah, “Bawi Cin nu ka hngah caah ka dir ko hih,” tiah “h” chap selaw a dik fawn hnga. “H” chap ahcun a ruang chimchih a hau tinak a si cu.

A dikmi ............ A diklomi
1. Hmun va phiak. 1. Hmun va phiah.
2. Ziah na phiah lo? 2. Ziah na phiak lo? (Farrawn le Khualhringtlang)
3. Hmunphiah va la. 3. Hmunphiak va la.
4. Hnumphiaktu a um maw? 4. Hmunphiahtu a um maw?
5. Ziah ka cakuat na ka leh lo? 5. Ziah ka cakuat na ka let lo?
6. Ka ca na ka let duh lo ti? 6. Ka ca na ka leh duh lo ti?
7. Buhkhel hei let. 7. Buhkhel hei leh.
8. Blackboard va hnawt. 8. Blackboard va hnawh.
9. Ziah na hnawh lo? 9. Ziah na hnawt lo? (Farrawn le Khualhringtlang)
10. Kakhin va chia. 10. Kakhin va chiah.

Cafang Fonh Ai Thlenning

Ca hi a thang; ai thleng lengmang ve. Cucaah nihin Hebrew, Greek, Pali le Sancrit hna zalamtlang ah hmang ti loin sianginn lawngah kan cawn cang hnanak hi a si. Tahchunhnak pakhat ah hlanlio Mirang ca le tuchan Mirang cafang fonh ai danning hun zoh ta hmanh u sih.

Old English: Thys merchaunt came into an hows and axed for mete and specyally he axed after eggs. And the good wyf answerede, that she coude speke no frenshe. And the merchaunt was angry, for he also coude speke no frenshe, but wolde have hadde egges and she understode hym not. And thenne at last a nother sayd that he wolde have eyren. Then the good wyf sayd that she understod hym wel. Loo, what sholde a man in thyse dayes now wryte, eggs or eyren?

Hi ca hi AD 1474 kum ah England ram ah canamnak seh a rak siamtu, catialthiam William Caxton nih a rak tialmi a si. A chim duhnak cu:
New English: The merchant came into a house and asked for meat and especially he asked after (for) eggs. And the good wife answered, that she could not speak French. And the merchant was angry, for he also could not speak French, but would have had eggs and she did not understand him. And then at last another (man) said that he would have eyren. Then the good wife said that she understood him well. Look, what should a man in these days write, eggs or eyren? (Eyren cu German hold a si i, arti tinak a si).

Kan Lai biafang zong a root word le atu chan kan hmaning ai dang cangmi an um pah ve.

Si Dawh A Rak Simi .......... Atu Chan Kan Hmanning
1. Pathiang 1. Pathian (‘g’ aw va chuahpeng kha a har caah ‘g’ a tlau.
2. Lungthum 2. Lungthu (‘m’ aw chauhnak ah hmur va cippeng kha a har caah ‘m’ a tlau ve.
3. Zunput 3. Zumput (‘p’ aw chuahnak ah hmurcip si kaw cu nih cun ‘n’
a tlauter i, ‘m’ ah ai cang.
4. Vanpang 4. Vampang (‘p’ “ “ “ “ ‘n’ a tlauter).
Vampang hi cu Vanpang a titu an um len rih.

Nihin mino hna nih an hrawh cuahmahmi biafang hna cu:
1. “Kei ka si tung lo,” ti dingah “Kei ka si tun lo,” tiah ‘g’ an thlau.
2. “Thawl chungah ti va rawn,” ti dingah “… ti va rawng,” tiah ‘g’ an chap hoi.
3. “Ka ngaih a chia,” ti dingah “Ka ngeih a chia,” an ti
4. “Biacaih,” ti dingah “Biaceih,” an ti. Biafang tampi ah ‘e’ nih ‘a’ hmun a chuh.
5. “Bia na ngeih lo ahcun kan daw lai lo,” timi biathluan hna ah hin cun sullam dangpi a sawh kho.
6. “Asi maw?” ti dingah “Asi ma?” tiah ‘w’ an thlau.
7. “Thluachuah” ti dingah “Thlachuah” tiah ‘u’ an thlau.
(Thlua ti hi tlang tinak a si. Khuallam le lolam ah thaba ngaiin cho kan kai i tlang kan hung chuah a nuamhning, restful a sining cherhchan in a rami biafang a si caah ‘u’ hi thlau awk a tha lomi biafang a si).

Lungfim deuh le Laica a tuaktan deuhmi nih chimrelnak leiin kan doh khawh lo hmanhah catialnak (printed page) lei talin remhsiam le dirpi kan hau. Cu lo ahcun kan Laica a rawk chin lengmang lai.

Biadonghnak Capo
Hriphi le UPC le “An” Pathian

Saya Roland Ceu te khua Hriphi ah hin cun UPC cu an um hmanhah karh khawh dawh an si lo. Zeicahtiah Hriphi ah cun UPC zong nih Trinity an pom ve. Cucaah, “Pathian nih an kan dawt,” ti an hmang. “An” hi Pathian caah mincam (pronoun) a si i, plural form a si. Thum-komh-Pathian nih a kan dawt, an tinak a si rua. Oneness UPC si loin Trinity UPC ah si rua. A hmanning ah cun, “Pathian nih a kan dawt,” ti ding a si. Laica kawmiti ah Hriphi an itel ahcun kan Laica grammar ai rawk kho men. He.. he..

Saya Roland comment ah khan “A hramthawk” timi biafang ah hin “...thawk” maw a dik deuh “...thok” ti a biahalnak ai tel. Ka capar a sau cang caah a ruang chimchih ti loin “...thawk” hi root word deuh a si caah a hman deuh ti lawngin hun in let ko lang.

Mizo capo saihthiam Thangkura nih cun, “In lo awma, kanin hmu a ni,” a ti bang nan rel ahcun nan theih ko lai.

A theih lawng thei loin a zulhin zul hna u sih.

Kai lawm.
CVT

*****